An arterial line (or an “art” line) is a thin plastic tube inserted into an artery to allow continuous blood pressure monitoring. Blood tests can also be taken from the line to measure the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and acid within the blood (what we call an arterial blood gas or ABG).
The Procedure
Art lines can be inserted by a doctor in the emergency department, in the operating theatre or in intensive care. Using local anaesthetic, a needle is used to access the artery and then then the thin plastic tube is fed into the artery and the needle removed. It is secured in place with a stitch. Art lines are typically placed in the radial artery near the wrist, however occasionally they may need to be inserted near the elbow, groin or foot.
The Risks
Art lines sometimes require multiple attempts for insertion, however local anaesthetic will always be used. Art lines may damage the artery or cause
clots to form in the artery, both of which can impair blood supply past the line. Infection is also a possible complication although typically these lines can remain in place for weeks without issues. The line and the patient’s limb in which it is placed are closely monitored for complications.
